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Kaolin Raymond Mill Makes US Army Hemostatic "War Gauze" PopularPosted: 2020-07-14

The kaolin powder produced by CLIRIK Raymond mill reaches 0.033-0.18mm, which is used to produce kaolin hemostatic cloth. It is widely used in the US military as "war wound gauze" kaolin hemostatic products.

Kaolin can absorb water and concentrate blood to trigger natural coagulation and activate coagulation factor Ⅻ. This property makes it widely used as a procoagulant substance in the medical field.

1. Both Li Shizhen and American soldiers use kaolin to stop bleeding

"Compendium of Materia Medica" records: white stone fat with kaolin as the main component can be used to absorb toxic substances, astringent, astringent, hemostatic, secretory and other effects.

In 2006, the United States Z-Medica developed a kaolin hemostatic product called "war wound gauze", which is applied to special parts where the tourniquet cannot be used. It is portable, easy to use and efficient, and the shelf life is 5 years. At present, kaolin war wound gauze has been installed on the battlefield by US and NATO military forces.

　
2. Why can kaolin stop bleeding?

The mechanism of kaolin hemostasis mainly includes two aspects: one is the physical hemostasis process, through the absorption of water molecules, the natural coagulation of the blood is triggered; the second is the activation of coagulation factor Ⅻ (FⅫ) to start the coagulation cascade reaction.

Schematic diagram of coagulation waterfall triggered by kaolin
　　
On the one hand, the layered structure of kaolin and the fine pores on the surface make it have good adsorption properties and ion exchange properties. When kaolin contacts the wound blood, its main component, SiO2, can quickly absorb water in the blood and concentrate platelets and Thrombin causes the aggregation and deposition of coagulation factors and platelets to achieve the purpose of hemostasis, and the contact of kaolin with blood will not produce a lot of heat.

On the other hand, kaolin is negatively charged on the surface under the pH value of blood. After contact with blood, it will quickly activate FⅫ to FⅫa, start the endogenous coagulation pathway, and then activate FⅪ, start the coagulation waterfall, and make fibrinogen under the action of thrombin It is converted into fibrin monomers and eventually forms blood fibers that are insoluble in water. There are also reports that kaolin can directly activate platelet-related FⅪ in the absence of FⅫ to achieve hemostasis.
　
　
3. Advantages of Kaolin Hemostatic Material

Kaolin has good hemostatic properties, non-toxicity, and good biocompatibility, which makes kaolin gradually occupy a place in the field of hemostatic materials. As an excellent hemostatic material, kaolin has the following advantages:

(1) Low cost: Kaolin is a kind of non-metallic ore, which has the advantages of low price and abundant resources;

(2) Low sensitization: Kaolin does not contain allergens such as animal protein or plant protein, and is not prone to allergic reactions when it comes into contact with wounds;

(3) The mechanisms of hemostasis are diverse: Kaolin can directly contact and activate FⅫ or FⅪ to start the endogenous coagulation pathway; at the same time, it quickly absorbs water molecules in the blood and concentrates platelets and thrombin in the blood, thereby accelerating the body's coagulation process;

(4) Good hemostatic effect: rapid hemostasis, equivalent to zeolite hemostatic material for moderate to severe hemostasis, but no exothermic phenomenon, which is not easy to cause tissue thermal damage.

It should be noted that kaolin is not biodegradable and needs to be removed before surgery.
　　
At present, the research on kaolin hemostatic materials is relatively in-depth, including raw materials and processes, hemostatic mechanism and clinical application research. Z-Medica has a series of products on the market.

　
4. Kaolin hemostatic products that have been on the market

At present, the listed kaolin hemostatic materials mainly come from the US Z-Medica company, which uses kaolin contact to activate FⅫ to activate the characteristics of internal coagulation pathways, and has developed a series of kaolin hemostatic materials, including kaolin war wounds, for the amount of bleeding and the location of the bleeding. Gauze, kaolin intervene hemostatic bandage, kaolin tonsil hemostatic sponge and kaolin hemostatic pad, etc. The main components include kaolin, non-woven fabric, etc. It has the advantages of no exotherm, no animal or human-derived protein.

(1) Kaolin war wound gauze
Kaolin war gauze is a non-woven gauze with kaolin clay attached. It has a white appearance and a soft texture, which can effectively prevent bleeding from femoral arteries, vein transection, liver injury and joint injury.

The Israel Defense Forces Medical Team observed the use of kaolin war gauze in 122 patients and found that the success rate of hemostasis at the joint site was 88.6% for kaolin war gauze and 91.9% for extremely severe bleeding at the joint site, which can be used as Treatment for severe bleeding at the junction.

(2) Kaolin intervention in hemostatic bandage
Kaolin intervention hemostasis bandage is mainly used for arterial and venous bleeding caused by interventional therapy. When hemostasis, it is only necessary to manually pressurize the puncture site to stop hemostasis. No saline immersion is required, and the bandage can be left on the skin for about 24 hours.

(3) Kaolin tonsil hemostatic sponge
The composition of the kaolin tonsil hemostatic sponge is kaolin, non-woven fabric, absorbent sponge, etc. It is mainly used for hemostasis of wounds after tonsillectomy.

(4) Kaolin hemostatic pad

Kaolin hemostatic pad is a white non-woven fabric impregnated with kaolin clay, which has soft and hydrophilic properties: this gauze pad can be used for large area and special parts of traumatic hemostasis. It is the largest kaolin hemostatic product of the day ago.
　
　　
5. What kind of kaolin can be used as hemostatic material?

The performance index requirements of kaolin for hemostasis include source (natural water-containing aluminum silicate), treatment method (washing and drying to remove impurities), traits (white-like fine powder), identification (positive aluminum salt and silicate) and item inspection (particle size distribution , Hygiene, weight loss after ignition, acid solubles, heavy metals, chlorides, arsenic salts, sulfates, iron salts), etc.

(1) Hemostasis test
Kaolin for hemostatic materials must first be tested for in vivo animal hemostasis and safety testing.

(2) Morphology of kaolin
The kaolin used by the US Army for hemostatic gauze is in the form of laminations, and the electron micrograph of the Yangshan kaolin in Suzhou, China, is a mixture of a single piece and a tube. There must be a definite conclusion as to whether there is an order of magnitude difference in the effectiveness and safety of monolithic, laminated, tubular and amorphous kaolin powders.

(3) Preparation process of kaolin
Kaolin series soft washed kaolin used by the US military for the preparation of hemostatic gauze. Related patents suggest that the washed kaolin is dried, baked to 600°C, and subjected to vitrification to produce particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm for hemostatic gauze preparation. .

In summary, kaolin for hemostatic materials should be screened for kaolin clay mines of different composition and conformation with its effectiveness and safety as the core indicators, clarify the mineral processing technology, and establish quality control standards to ensure the quality of kaolin clay hemostatic products Quality stability and repeatability of hemostatic effect.

6. Kaolin Raymond Mill-YGM High Pressure Suspended Roller Mill

Grinding ring diameter: 780-1750mm
Number of grinding rollers: 3-6
Machine power: 18.5-160KW
Production capacity: 1-25t/h
Finished particles: 0.033-0.613mm
Application areas: Widely used in the production and life fields of papermaking, coatings, plastics, rubber, inks, pigments, building materials, medicine, food, etc.
Practical materials: It has high production and efficient grinding capacity for various non-metallic mineral materials with Mohs hardness below 7 and humidity within 6%, such as coal kaolin, talc, dolomite, titanium dioxide, quartz stone, alum Soil, marble, feldspar, barite, ilmenite and other non-mineral grinding effects are good.

Shanghai Clirik Machinery Co.,Ltd. nonmetallic mine kaolin Raymond mill has stable performance, excellent quality, high yield, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. It has a number of patented technologies in infrastructure construction, deep processing of minerals, solid waste recycling, energy saving and emission reduction, and environment. It is widely used in protection, metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power and other fields and is very popular. Welcome to online consultation

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Kaolin Raymond Mill Makes US Army Hemostatic "War Gauze" PopularPosted: 2020-07-14

1. Both Li Shizhen and American soldiers use kaolin to stop bleeding

2. Why can kaolin stop bleeding?

3. Advantages of Kaolin Hemostatic Material

4. Kaolin hemostatic products that have been on the market

5. What kind of kaolin can be used as hemostatic material?

6. Kaolin Raymond Mill-YGM High Pressure Suspended Roller Mill